渤海海域浮游病毒和浮游细菌的丰度变化与环境因子之间的耦联关系     

王彩霞  吴霖  王毅波  Paterson James S.  Mitchell James G.  胡晓珂 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(6):72-83

Uncovering the role of environmental factors and finding critical factors which harbor significant fractions in governing microbial communities remain key questions in coastal marine systems. To detect the interactions between environmental factors and distributions of virio-and bacterioplankton in trophic coastal areas, we used flow cytometry to investigate the abundance of virio-and bacterioplankton covering 31 stations in the Bohai Sea of China. Our results suggested that the average abundance of total virus(TV) in winter(～2.29×10~8 particles/mL)was slightly lower than in summer(～3.83×10~8 particles/mL). The mean total bacterial abundance(TB) was much lower in winter(～2.54×107 particles/mL) than in summer(～5.43×10~7 particles/mL). Correlation analysis via redundancy analysis(RDA) and network analysis among virioplankton, bacterioplankton and environmental factors revealed that the abundances of viral and bacterial subpopulations depend on environmental factors. In winter, only temperature significantly influenced the abundances of virio-and bacterioplankton. In summer, in addition to temperature, both salinity and nutrient(SiO_2) had a remarkable impact on the distribution of virioand bacterioplankton. Our results showed a clear seasonal and trophic pattern throughout the whole water system, which revealed that temperature and eutrophication may play crucial roles in microbial distribution pattern.  相似文献   

Analysis of resistance factors for LRFD of soil nail pullout limit state using default FHWA load and resistance models     

Hui Hu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(3):332-348

Abstract

Resistance factors for load and resistance factor design (LRFD) of pullout limit state of both permanent and temporary soil nails are calibrated against a wide design space using the current Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) nail load and resistance models. The calculated resistance factors were shown to scatter broadly among design scenarios that differ in wall face batter, soil friction angle, nail ultimate bond strength, and surcharge live load. An important lesson learned from the analysis results is that the current practice of using a single resistance factor for LRFD of nail pullout limit state could not result in uniform reliabilities across different design scenarios. Simple artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed for computation of resistance factors. Design examples demonstrated the ability of the ANN models in providing resistance factors that yield satisfactory and consistent reliabilities in different nail pullout designs.  相似文献   

Effect of different registration methods on precision of orientation based on RTK registration/georeferencing mode     

Shengming Hu  Zhijian Chen  Chenghui Wan  Chun Tang  Wen Xiong 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(4):385-392

Abstract

Compared with traditional methods, the three-dimensional laser-scanning (3D-LS) technique can efficiently acquire many high-quality geometric properties of rock discontinuities. In practice, engineers usually prefer to simplify the processing by using single-station point data and roughly orienting owing to the complexity of registration/georeferencing multi-station point data. However, prior published studies have paid little attention to the accuracy and reliability when determining discontinuity orientations using 3D-LS. We propose a reliable and accurate method with robust on-site applicability. As part of an ongoing effort, we are evaluating the precision of the commonly used coarse registration method and the fine registration method, and promoted the optimized coarse- and fine-registration methods and evaluated their precision. It is found that: (1) the common and the optimized registration method can meet our project’s engineering requirements, and the optimized registration method improved accuracy in the dip direction by approximately 1°; (2) fine registration using an iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm can correct both dip direction and dip angle; and (3) the orientation is of high precision with commonly used coarse and fine registration, whereas the optimization effect to correct the orientation is slightly limited.  相似文献   

Dynamic characteristics of marine soft clay under variable phase difference and initial static shear stress     

Wenqian Dong  Xiuqing Hu  Hongtao Fu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(7):770-785

Abstract

Under seismic loading, the soil layer is subjected to multidirectional cyclic shear stress with different amplitudes and frequencies because of the coupling of multiple shear waves and the soil element within a slope or behind a retaining wall is subjected to initial static shear stress before subjected to cyclic loading. Due to the complexity of seismic loading propagation, a phase difference exists between the initial static shear stress and cyclic shear stress. To investigate the influence of the phase difference and initial static shear stress on cyclic shear strain, cyclic modulus, and cyclic strength, a series of laboratory tests are performed on Wenzhou marine soft clay by multi-directional simple shear system, which can simulate the actual state better by controlling the horizontal cyclic stress in the x and y directions simultaneously. As the phase difference varies from 0° to 90°, the dynamic shear modulus increases and cyclic strain accumulation decreases with an increasing number of cycles. The shear strain increases with the initial shear stress.  相似文献   

基于蛇模型的等深线化简质量定量调控方法          下载免费PDF全文

温连发  张华  丁金挺 《海洋测绘》2020,40(1):49-52

针对当前等深线的化简过程未考虑化简后等深线质量的问题,以基于蛇模型的等深线化简方法为基础,引入航海图等深线化简质量的定量评估方法,对化简后等深线的质量进行定量评估,并将评估结果作为蛇模型算法的总能量,实现了等深线化简过程的定量调控,提出了基于蛇模型的等深线化简质量定量调控方法。实验结果表明:该方法能够根据等深线的化简质量定量调控等深线的化简过程,不仅能够提高航海图等深线的化简质量,而且为后续等深线化简算法的研究提供了新的思路。  相似文献   

Seasonal variations in infiltrability of moss‐dominated biocrusts on aeolian sand and loess soil in the Chinese Loess Plateau     

Bo Xiao  Fuhai Sun  Xiaomeng Yao  Kelin Hu  Giora J. Kidron 《水文研究》2019,33(18):2449-2463

Biocrust effects on soil infiltration have attracted increasing attention in dryland ecosystems, but their seasonal variations in infiltrability have not yet been well understood. On the Chinese Loess Plateau, soil infiltrability indicated by saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_s) of biocrusts and bare soil, both on aeolian sand and loess soil, was determined by disc infiltrometer in late spring (SPR), midsummer (SUM), and early fall (FAL). Then their correlations with soil biological and physiochemical properties and water repellency index (RI) were analysed. The results showed that the biocrusts significantly decreased K_s both on sand during SPR, SUM, and FAL (by 43%, 66%, and 35%, respectively; P < .05) and on loess (by 42%, 92%, and 10%, respectively; P <.05). As compared with the bare soil, the decreased K_s in the biocrusted surfaces was mostly attributed to the microorganism biomass and also to the increasing content of fine particles and organic matter. Most importantly, both the biocrusts and bare soil exhibited significant (F ≥ 11.89, P ≤ .003) seasonal variations in K_s, but their patterns were quite different. Specifically, the K_s of bare soil gradually decreased from SPR to SUM (32% and 42% for sand and loess, respectively) and FAL (29% and 39%); the K_s of biocrusts also decreased from SPR to SUM (59% and 92%) but then increased in FAL (36% and 588%). Whereas the seasonal variations in K_s of the biocrusts were closely correlated with the seasonal variations in RI, the RI values were not high enough to point at hydrophobicity. Instead of that, the seasonal variations of K_s were principally explained by the changes in the crust biomass and possibly by the microbial exopolysaccharides. We conclude that the biocrusts significantly decreased soil infiltrability and exhibited a different seasonal variation pattern, which should be carefully considered in future analyses of hydropedological processes.  相似文献   

Dynamic Performance Investigation of A Spar-Type Floating Wind Turbine Under Different Sea Conditions     

Han Wang  Zhi-qiang Hu  Xiang-yin Meng 《中国海洋工程》2018,32(3):256-265

Both numerical calculation and model test are important techniques to study and forecast the dynamic responses of the floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT). However, both the methods have their own limitations at present. In this study, the dynamic responses of a 5 MW OC3 spar-type floating wind turbine designed for a water depth of 200 m are numerically investigated and validated by a 1:50 scaled model test. Moreover, the discrepancies between the numerical calculations and model tests are obtained and discussed. According to the discussions, it is found that the surge and pitch are coupled with the mooring tensions, but the heave is independent of them. Surge and pitch are mainly induced by wave under wind wave conditions. Wind and current will induce the low-frequency average responses, while wave will induce the fluctuation ranges of the responses. In addition, wave will induce the wavefrequency responses but wind and current will restrain the ranges of the responses.  相似文献   

测船非匀速直线测量引起的多波束测深误差分析          下载免费PDF全文

张鹏飞  王发省  辛明真  阳凡林 《海洋测绘》2018,(3):30-34

多波束测深系统作业的基本前提是测船保持匀速直线运动状态,而实际作业中非匀速运动状态下的多波束测量普遍存在,此时常用的基于加速度测量原理的测姿设备会受到影响。为此,在多波束测姿误差分析的基础上,针对直线加速、U型转弯两种情况下的测姿误差进行研究,通过INS测姿与GNSS三天线测姿的数据比较,对非匀速直线运动状态下姿态误差的影响特点及程度进行了分析。实验证明当测船做直线加速运动时,会使纵摇角产生较大误差;当测船转弯时,会使横摇角产生较大误差,这对指导多波束实际测量具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

A micro-mechanics-based elastoplastic friction-damage model for brittle rocks and its application in deformation analysis of the left bank slope of Jinping I hydropower station     

Hu  Kun  Shao  Jian-Fu  Zhu  Qi-Zhi  Zhao  Lun-yang  Wang  Wei  Wang  Ru-Bing 《Acta Geotechnica》2020,15(12):3443-3460

Acta Geotechnica - This study develops a micro-mechanics-based elastoplastic damage model within the framework of irreversible thermodynamics. In the model, damage is related to growth of...  相似文献   

Numerical Study on Tidal Mixing in the Bohai Sea     

Yifei Zhao  Ting Yu  Hu Wang 《Marine Geodesy》2019,42(1):46-63

The spatial and temporal variability of tidal mixing in Bohai Sea is studied using a numerical approach. In calculating tidal mixing, accurate barotropic tidal current is obtained via a harmonic analysis package utilizing the simulated current output from a high-resolution regional ocean model. And a “small-scale” roughness map is adopted to describe the detailed topographic features of Bohai Sea. It is shown that the tidal mixing estimated in Bohai Sea is much higher than the level of global background, and fluctuates considerably at some regions within a single day. In Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay and Bohai Strait, the mixing varies greatly, with the peak value of O (10^?2) m² s^?1. The order of magnitude of mixing in Laizhou Bay is about O (10^?5～10^?3) m² s^?1. Mixing with background level of O (10^?5) m² s^?1 only appears in central area. Result also shows that rough topography plays relatively a more important role than tidal current in enhancing diapycnal mixing in Bohai Sea. The distributions of tidal mixing in selected sections reveal that the vertical stratification in Bohai Sea is not obvious, generally renders a barotropic structure.  相似文献